Effects of Immunall on activity of cells of the immune system in poultry, pigs and cattle; In vitro research at the University of Agriculture, The Netherlands. In vitro Macrophages, poultry
	Immunall-fraction doubles the activity of macrophages in vitro
T-lymphocytes, poultry (peripheral blood)	Immunall tincture doubles the proliferation of Con A stimulated T-cells Remark: inhibition of cell activity at high concentration Immunall

T-lymphocytes, piglet (peripheral blood)	Herbal fraction in Immunall stimulates the proliferative respons of peripheral T-cells of piglets to Con A with a factor 2.5. Remark: piglet shortly before weaning
	Immunall tincture stimulates the proliferative respons of peripheral T-cells to Con A with a factor 9.1.

T-lymphocytes, calf (peripheral blood)	Immunall tincture doubles the proliferative respons of peripheral T-cells to Con A.

Extended in vitro research in poultry (may 2001, Agricultural University)
	Immunall doubles the activity of macrophages with or without the presence of antigen (LPS). Optimal stimulation at high concentration of Immunall.
Activity of macrophages: NaNO2 production after incubation of 48 hours at 41º C recorded by measurement of extinction in ELISA-reader.
	Immunall almost doubles the proliferative response of T-cells to Con A. Optimal stimulation at low concentration of Bioltan.
Hypothesis: Immunall stimulates macrophages and specific T-cells. T-cells show a high stimulation index in the presence of low doses Immunall. In that range macrophages show a minor activity, but produce probably enough stimulating factors to support the immune response of antigen-triggered T-cells. In the presence of high doses Immunall macrophages are highly stimulated, producing a lot of nitrogendioxide which is toxic for T-cells. The proliferation of T-cells will be inhibited.